The Arsenale stands as a powerful symbol of Venice's greatness — so much so that, in 1509, the city was described as “the heart of the Veneto.”
The first nucleus of the Arsenale was established in 1104, when the State imposed centralized control over shipbuilding. Until then, individual carpenters had worked independently in small city boatyards known as “squeri.”
This move marked the beginning of Venice’s transformation into a naval superpower.
The "Squero" and the Arsenale: A Glimpse into Venice’s Naval History
The word "squero" — the traditional Venetian boatyard — likely comes from squadro, referring to the geometric and mathematical precision required in the ancient art of shipbuilding. Another possible origin is sorgier, meaning a sloped ramp leading into the water.
In the early days, working for private clients was often more profitable. However, over time, being employed at the Arsenale — known as being an arsenalotto — became a prestigious and protected position. Workers were safeguarded by the Republic itself, which saw them as a source of both economic wealth and military strength, especially during times of famine or plague.
By 1374, the Arsenale had secured a monopoly on galley construction. It even became illegal to buy timber or build ships outside the city.The most vital craft in the Arsenale was that of the marangoni, or shipwrights. They built the hulls and interiors of the vessels and made up nearly 80% of the workforce. Arsenalotti worked from sunrise to sunset. Though their wages weren’t high, they enjoyed numerous benefits: Free housing Wine rations Basic healthcare Special protection in case of illness or injury...
The technical supervision of the Arsenale was entrusted to three Patrons, also called “the Lords”, who each resided in a pavilion with symbolic names: Inferno (Hell), Purgatorio (Purgatory), and Paradiso (Paradise).
From 1442, these Patrons were required to report regularly on their activities to a group of three senators.
